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Anarchy (international relations)
In international relations theory, anarchy is the concept that the world system is leaderless: there is no universal sovereign or worldwide government. There is thus no hierarchically superior, coercive power that can resolve disputes, enforce law, or order the system like there is in domestic politics. In International Relations, anarchy is widely accepted as the starting point for international relations theory〔Helen Milner. (1991) The assumption of anarchy international relations theory. Source:http://www.jstor.org/stable/20097244?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents〕
While some political scientists use the term "anarchy" to signify a world in chaos, in disorder, or in conflict, others view it simply as a reflection of the order of the international system—independent states with no central authority above them.
The concept of anarchy is the foundation for realist, liberal, neorealist, and neoliberal international relations paradigms. Constructivist theory disputes that anarchy is a fundamental condition of the international system; Alexander Wendt, the most influential modern constructivist thinker, is often quoted for writing, "Anarchy is what states make of it".〔Wendt, Alexander, "Anarchy is what States Make of It: the Social Construction of Power Politics", ''International Organization'' 46, no. 2 (Spring 1992): 391-425.〕 That is to say, anarchy is not inherent in the international system in the way in which other schools of IR theory envision it, but rather it is a construct of the states in the system.
== Etymology ==
The word anarchy literally means "without a leader". The word combines the Greek prefix "an-" meaning without, with the Indo-European root ''arkh'' meaning "begin" or "take the lead". It is adapted from the ancient Greek (ἀναρχία-anarchia) meaning "absence of a leader”. In common usage anarchy has come to signify both the absence of a ruler and the disorder that some anticipate is bound up with the absence of a ruler.〔Roberts, James, ("Anarchy" ), in ''The Internet Encyclopaedia of International Relations'', Towson University〕 The Cambridge English Dictionary defines anarchy, as “a situation in which there is no organization and control, especially in society because there is no effective government".〔''Cambridge English Dictionary'', Cambridge University Press, 2001〕
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